The Role of Religion in Sustaining a Free Government
In W. Cleon Skousen’s influential book, “The 5000 Year Leap: A Miracle that Changed the World,” he outlines 28 principles that he argues were foundational to the success of the United States under its Constitution. Among these, the fourth principle asserts that “Without religion, the government of a free people cannot be maintained.” This article will delve into this principle, exploring the arguments Skousen presents and how they reflect broader historical and philosophical perspectives on the relationship between religion and governance in a free society.
Historical Context and Skousen’s Argument
Skousen begins by citing George Washington’s Farewell Address, where the first president of the United States emphasized that “religion and morality are indispensable supports” for political prosperity. Washington’s assertion was that these elements are crucial for maintaining the moral framework necessary for a republican government where citizens govern themselves.
According to Skousen, religion serves as a moral compass for individuals, which in turn influences their behavior within the society and political sphere. He argues that the virtues encouraged by religious teachings—such as honesty, integrity, and respect for others’ rights—are essential for the operation of a government where power is vested in the people. Without these moral underpinnings, Skousen suggests, personal liberty could descend into license, and collective governance could deteriorate into chaos or tyranny.
Religious Influence on Early American Thought
Skousen points to the influence of Judeo-Christian teachings on the Founding Fathers, suggesting that their belief in divine providence and natural law shaped their political philosophy. He references several founders like John Adams, who described himself as “a church going animal,” and Benjamin Franklin, who believed in the necessity of religion for societal cohesion. Skousen posits that this religious ethos was not about establishing a state religion but about recognizing religion’s role in instilling moral discipline in citizens, which is necessary for a government where the populace holds significant power.
Criticism and Modern Interpretations
Despite Skousen’s arguments, the interpretation of this principle has been contentious. Critics argue that Skousen’s view might oversimplify the complex relationship between religion and governance, potentially conflating personal morality with state mechanisms. Moreover, modern secular societies like those in Scandinavia challenge the notion that religion is indispensable for moral governance. They maintain that secular ethics, humanism, and legal frameworks can effectively maintain societal order and uphold democratic values.
However, supporters of Skousen’s perspective might argue that these societies still operate under the cultural shadow of Christian ethics, even if not formally religious. They might contend that the moral capital accumulated from centuries of religious influence continues to support these nations’ social structures and democratic practices.
Legal and Philosophical Dimensions
From a legal standpoint, the U.S. Constitution, particularly the First Amendment, ensures the separation of church and state, yet it does not preclude the influence of religious morality on public life. Skousen highlights this by referencing the founders’ intent to prevent an official state religion while recognizing the moral benefits of religious practice. He cites the Constitution’s lack of religious tests for office as evidence of this balance, but also notes the founders’ acknowledgment of religion’s societal role, as seen in official documents and inaugural speeches.
Conclusion
Skousen’s fourth principle from “The 5000 Year Leap” frames religion as an essential component for the maintenance of a free government. While this view might resonate with many who see religion as a source of personal and collective morality, it also opens up debates about whether religion is the sole or even primary source of such morality. The principle invites reflection on how societies can maintain ethical governance, whether through religious, secular, or combined means, in an increasingly pluralistic world.
This discussion remains relevant as societies navigate the complexities of maintaining moral order and democratic integrity in diverse, often secularizing, environments. Skousen’s book provides a historical lens through which to view these contemporary issues, offering insights into how the architects of American democracy viewed the role of religion in public life.
References:
- Skousen, W. Cleon. “The 5000 Year Leap: A Miracle That Changed The World.” National Center for Constitutional Studies, 1981.