The 28th Principle: Manifest Destiny in W. Cleon Skousen’s “The 5000 Year Leap”
In the book “The 5000 Year Leap” by W. Cleon Skousen, the 28th principle discusses the concept of the United States having a “manifest destiny” to serve as an exemplary model for the rest of the world. This principle encapsulates the idea that America was destined by divine providence to spread its ideals of freedom, democracy, and prosperity across the globe.
Understanding Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny, as articulated by Skousen, draws from the historical phrase coined by journalist John O’Sullivan in the 19th century, suggesting that the expansion of the United States was both inevitable and divinely ordained. Skousen expands this idea into a broader philosophical and moral imperative:
- Moral Example: The United States was founded on unique principles that Skousen argues led to an unprecedented leap in human progress, both in terms of governance and individual liberty. This leap, according to Skousen, was so significant that it justified America’s role as a moral beacon for other nations.
- Blessing to Humanity: Skousen’s interpretation goes beyond territorial expansion to suggest that America’s role includes sharing its system of government, which he portrays as grounded in natural law, free-market economics, and personal freedoms, thereby blessing the entire human race.
Skousen’s View on American Exceptionalism
Skousen’s narrative is rooted in the belief that the Founding Fathers were inspired by a divine mission. He suggests that:
- Divine Inspiration: The founding documents and the establishment of the nation reflect a divine guidance, aligning with the notion that the U.S. was providentially chosen for a special role in human history.
- Responsibility: This destiny imposes a responsibility on Americans to live up to the ideals set forth by the Founders, thereby acting as a model for global political and economic systems.
Historical and Philosophical Roots
Skousen’s principle is not without its historical context:
- O’Sullivan’s Original Concept: Although O’Sullivan’s original use of “Manifest Destiny” was more about westward expansion, Skousen applies it to a broader mission of spreading American ideals worldwide.
- Foundational Texts: Skousen references speeches and writings by American leaders like Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, who often spoke in terms of America’s role in the world’s advancement.
Modern Interpretations and Critiques
- Critics: Some critics argue that the concept of Manifest Destiny, including Skousen’s interpretation, has been used to justify imperialistic behaviors, ignoring the rights and cultures of indigenous peoples and other nations. Critics point out the darker aspects of American history, such as the displacement of Native Americans and the expansionist policies that led to conflicts like the Mexican-American War.
- Supporters: Proponents of Skousen’s view might argue that the spread of democratic values, even if imperfectly executed, has contributed positively to global human rights and freedoms. They see America’s historical influence as a net positive in terms of promoting liberty and justice.
Conclusion
Skousen’s 28th principle in “The 5000 Year Leap” frames the United States’ historical and ongoing role through the lens of Manifest Destiny. This principle is not without controversy, as it touches upon issues of imperialism, cultural imposition, and the ethical implications of one nation seeing itself as a civilizing force. However, it also reflects a deep-seated belief in American exceptionalism that has shaped the nation’s foreign policy and domestic identity.
Understanding this principle requires a nuanced look at history, acknowledging both the achievements and the costs of such a destiny. Skousen’s work invites readers to ponder how America can continue to be a “blessing” to humanity while learning from the past to avoid repeating its mistakes.
References:
- Skousen, W. Cleon. “The 5000 Year Leap: A Miracle That Changed The World.” National Center for Constitutional Studies, 1981.